Rumus dan Fungsi-fungsi Simple Past

SIMPLE PAST/PAST SIMPLE

Past simple tense atau yang sering sekali disebut dengan simple past tense adalah tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian atau aktifitas yang terjadi pada masa lampau. Tense ini sering kali memunculkan penanda waktu yang bersifat jelas (definite) atau kalimat pengantar yang menunjukkan kejadian pada masa lampau.

Pola atau Bentuk kalimat present continuous tenses

Pola kalimat Past Simple Tense atau Simple Past Tense dibentuk dari pola Subject plus Verb-2 (past form) sebagai main verbnya atau ordinary verbnya.

Konsep dasar present continuous adalah Verb-2 (past form)

Bentuk kalimat verbal pada Past Simple Tense/Simple Past Tense

Bentuk	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + Verb-2	They drank coffee.
-	Subject + did + not + Verb-1	They did not drink coffee.
?	Did + subject + Verb-1?	Did they drink coffee?
-?	Did + subject + not + Verb-1? Didn’t + subject + verb-1?	Did they not drink coffee? Didn’t they drink coffee?

Bentuk kalimat nominal pada tenses present continuous

Bentuk	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + was/were + adjective/noun/adverb.	They were students.
-	Subject + was/were + not + adjective/noun/adverb.	They were not students.
?	Was/were + subject + adjective/noun/adverb?	Were they students?
-?	Was/were + subject + not + adjective/noun/adverb? Wasn’t/weren’t + subject + adjective/noun/adverb?	Were they not students? Weren’t they students?

Subject verb agreement pada kalimat nominal

Subject (Jamak)		Subject (Tunggal)
You	were	I	was
They		He
We		She
Students		It
Mr. Jhon and Mrs. Jhon		Student Mr. Jhon

Fungsi-fungsi tenses present continuous

Menyatakan kebiasaan pada masa lampau yang tidak terkait dengan masa sekarang (habit in past)

She often swam at a swimming pool when she was a child.

Menyatakan aktifitas atau kejadian yang terjadi pada masa lampau (Happen in the past)

Yesterday she swam at a swimming pool.

Menyatakan kebenaran umum pada masa lampau (General truth in past)

Soekarno was a president of Indonesia.

Reference/source:

Aart, Flor. and Aart, Jan. 1982. English Syntactic Structures, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

Azar, Betty Schrampfer, 1989.Understanding and Using English Grammar. New Jersey ; Prentice Hall Regents.

Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English, Prentice Hall. Inc., New York.

Hornby, S. A. 1975. Guide to Pattern and Usage in English, Second Edition, Oxford University Press.

Stockwell, Robert and Minkova, Donka. 2001. English Words History and Structure. New York. Cambridge University Press.

Swan, Michael.1995, Practical English Usage, Low Price Edition, Oxford; The English Language Book Society and Oxford University Press.

Vince, Michael. 2007. Macmillan English Grammar in Context Intermediate. Thailand. Macmillan publisher.

Vince, Michael. 2008. Macmillan English Grammar in Context Advance. Thailand. Macmillan publisher.

Whison, George E, 1980. Let’s Write English. United States of America. Litton Educational Publishing.

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