fungsi tenses Present continuous adalah?

 PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

Present continuous tense adalah salah satu tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aktifitas atau kejadian yang sedang berlangsung atau terjadi pada masa kini. Tenses ini menunjukkan bahwa aktifitas atau kejadian tersebut sedang berlangsung atau belum selesai. Selain dari pada itu, present continuous juga digunakan ketika aktifitasnya atau kejadiannya bersifat sementara (Temporary).

Pola atau Bentuk kalimat present continuous tenses

Pola kalimat present continuous dibentuk dari pola Subject plus Tobe (is/am/are) dan juga Verb ing (present participle) sebagai main verbnya atau ordinary verbnya.

Konsep dasar present continuous adalah To be (is/am/are) + Verb-ing (present participle)

Bentuk kalimat verbal pada tenses present continuous

Bentuk	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + is/am/are + Verb-ing.	She is eating Pecel.
-	Subject + is/am/are + not + Verb-ing.	She is not eating Pecel.
?	is/am/are + subject + Verb-ing?	Is she eating Pecel?
-?	is/am/are + subject + not + Verb-ing? Isn’t/aren’t + subject + Verb-ing?	Is she not eating Pecel? Isn’t she eating Pecel?

Kata kerja yang bisa digunakan pada tenses present continuous adalah kata kerja yang berupa action verb bukan stative verb.

Contoh- contoh stative verb;

• She is visiting you now. (Pola kalimat tersebut bisa digunakan karena verb menunjukkan action)
• She is wanting you now. (Pola kalimat tersebut tidak bisa digunakan karena verb berupa stative)
• She wants you now. (Pola kalimat tersebut bisa digunakan meskipun menggunakan penanda waktu saat ini.)

Bentuk kalimat nominal pada tenses present continuous

Bentuk	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + is/am/are + being + adjective.	She is being foolish.
-	Subject + is/am/are + not + being + adjective.	She is not being foolish.
?	is/am/are + subject + being + adjective?	Is she being being foolish?
-?	is/am/are + subject + not + being+ adjective? Isn’t/aren’t + subject + being + adjective?	Is she not being foolish? Isn’t she beinig foolish?

Complement atau pelengkap pada pola kalimat nominal ini hanya bisa berupa kata sifat atau adjective. adjective atau kata sifat tersebut hanya adjective/kata sifat tertentu (certain adjective). kata sifat/adjective tertentu tersebut adalah kata sifat/adjective yang menggambarkan tingkah laku yang sifatnya sementara (certain adjective describing temporary, in-progress behavior).

contoh;

Adjective/Kata sifat yang bisa digunakan dalam pola continuous (is/am/are being)
Bad Careful Cruel Fair Foolish Funny Generous	Good Illogical Impolite Irresponsible Kind Lazy Logical	Loud Nice Noisy Patient Pleasant Polite Quiet	Responsible Rude Serious Silly Unfair Unkind Unpleasant

Fungsi-fungsi tenses present continuous

• Menyatakan aktifitas yang sedang dilakukan pada masa sekarang.

My father is driving to the city now.

• Menyatakan aktifitas yang sedang dalam kerangka proses.

I am studying at one of universities at Kediri.

• Menyatakan kebiasaan (Menggambarkan kejengkelan/kemarahan)

She is always calling me up in the middle of night.

Pola kalimat diatas pada umumnya terdapat kata keterangan frekuensi (adverb of frequency) berupa "Forever/Always/Constantly".

• Menyatakan rencana pada masa depan (Prior plan)

She is visiting her grandma tommorrow.

Reference/source:

Aart, Flor. and Aart, Jan. 1982. English Syntactic Structures, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

Azar, Betty Schrampfer, 1989.Understanding and Using English Grammar. New Jersey ; Prentice Hall Regents.

Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English, Prentice Hall. Inc., New York.

Hornby, S. A. 1975. Guide to Pattern and Usage in English, Second Edition, Oxford University Press.

Stockwell, Robert and Minkova, Donka. 2001. English Words History and Structure. New York. Cambridge University Press.

Swan, Michael.1995, Practical English Usage, Low Price Edition, Oxford; The English Language Book Society and Oxford University Press.

Vince, Michael. 2007. Macmillan English Grammar in Context Intermediate. Thailand. Macmillan publisher.

Vince, Michael. 2008. Macmillan English Grammar in Context Advance. Thailand. Macmillan publisher.

Whison, George E, 1980. Let’s Write English. United States of America. Litton Educational Publishing.

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