Conjunction

CONJUNCTIONS

Conjunctions are words used to connect clauses, sentences, or words in the same clause. They play a crucial role in both morphology (the structure of words) and syntax (the structure of sentences). Conjunctions do not usually change form, so their role in morphology is limited, but they are essential in syntax because they help create complex sentences by linking ideas. 

There are three kinds of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions.

1. Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, or independent clauses that are of equal syntactic importance.There are seven coordinating conjunctions in English. You can use the mnemonic device fanboys to remember them.

For

And

Nor

But

Or

Yet

So

They can be used with commas to create compound sentences. 

For example:

Ignacio loves to dance, but Rocío has no rhythm.

Kyong Mee works hard, yet she still earns low grades.

Note: A compound sentence is a sentence made up of two independent clauses. That is, a compound sentence is simply two complete sentences joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction.

2. Correlative Conjunctions 

Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to connect words or phrases that have a balanced and parallel structure. Correlative conjunctions also join ideas, but they work in pairs. They are:

Both…..and.....

Neither…..nor.....

Either…..or.....

Not only…..but also.....

For Example: 
Not only am I happy about the grades, but I am also excited that you are learning.

3. Subordinate Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions connect an independent clause with a dependent clause.They join a clause that can stand alone with a clause that cannot stand alone. Some frequently used subordinating conjunctions are:
after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, since, so that, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, while.

For Example: 
Although the students were tired, they still came to class.

Reference/source:

Aart, Flor. and Aart, Jan. 1982. English Syntactic Structures, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

Azar, Betty Schrampfer, 1989.Understanding and Using English Grammar. New Jersey ; Prentice Hall Regents.

Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English, Prentice Hall. Inc., New York.

Hornby, S. A. 1975. Guide to Pattern and Usage in English, Second Edition, Oxford University Press.

Stockwell, Robert and Minkova, Donka. 2001. English Words History and Structure. New York. Cambridge University Press.

Swan, Michael.1995, Practical English Usage, Low Price Edition, Oxford; The English Language Book Society and Oxford University Press.

Vince, Michael. 2007. Macmillan English Grammar in Context Intermediate. Thailand. Macmillan publisher.

Vince, Michael. 2008. Macmillan English Grammar in Context Advance. Thailand. Macmillan publisher.

Whison, George E, 1980. Let’s Write English. United States of America. Litton Educational Publishing.

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