Conditional sentence beserta latihannya

Conditional Sentence (Kalimat Pengandaian)

Secara garis besar, conditional sentence merupakan kalimat majemuk bertingkat yang menunjukkan kondisi mengenai sebuah pengandaian yang mungkin terjadi, imajinasi, atau menunjukkan penyesalan.

 Dalam kalimat Bahasa Inggris, kalimat pengandaian ini diawali dengan ‘if’ yang bermakna "Jika" atau "Seandainya".

Bentuk conditional sentence adalah “If-clause + main clause.” 

Tipe-Tipe Conditonal Sentence

Conditional sentence dibagi menjadi beberapa tipe. Di antaranya adalah:

👉Conditional sentence type 0

Tipe ini biasanya disebut sebagai zero conditional sentences.
Tipe kalimat ini digunakan ketika hasil atau konsekuensi dari kondisi terwujud alias memaparkan sebuah kebeneran (general truth) dan fakta ilmiah.
Kalimat ini biasanya berbentuk present tense dengan rumus: if + simple present, simple present. Contoh kalimat:

• If we burn paper, it becomes ash.
• I feel sick if I eat too much.
• If you don’t brush your teeth, you get cavities.
• When people smoke cigarettes, their health suffers.

👉Conditional sentence type 1

First conditional sentence merupakan bentuk kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan ketika hasil atau konsekuensi memiliki kemungkinan untuk terjadi di masa depan. Conditional sentence type 1 sering disebut dengan istilah future possible atau true in the present or future yang mana menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kemungkinan terjadi pada masa depan.
Hal ini bisa terjadi karena masih ada kondisi realistik yang masuk akal untuk kemungkinan terjadi.
Maka dari itu, bentuk kalimat dari conditional sentence tipe pertama ini memiliki bentuk kalimat simple future alias kalimat yang akan datang.

Rumus dari kalimat ini adalah: 

if + simple present, simple future “will” / imperative

contohnya adalah:

• If I meet him, I will introduce myself.
• I will cook dinner tonight if you clean the house.
• If you rest, you will feel better.
• If you set your mind to a goal, you will eventually achieve it.
• If it rains, I will stay at home.
• If he gives her chocolate, she will be happy.
• If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the library.

👉Conditional sentence type 2

Second conditional sentences merupakan tipe kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan ketika hasil atau konsekuensi hanya memiliki harapan terwujud walaupun kemungkinannya sangat kecil. Conditional sentence type 2 sering disebut dengan istilah present unreal atau Untrue in the present or future yang mana menunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidakmungkinan terjadi pada masa depan.
Jadi bisa dikatakan kalau kalimat pengandaian tipe kedua ini berlawanan dengan fakta yang terjadi saat ini atau bahkan pada masa depan.
Dalam bentuk kalimat ini, rumus yang digunakan adalah 

if + simple past/were, would/could/might + bare infinitive.

Penggunaan would/could/might berfungsi untuk menjelaskan seberapa besar sebuah kondisi itu akan terjadi. Contohnya:

• If I inherited a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.
• If I owned a zoo, I might let people interact with the animals more.
• If I were you, I would continue my study.
• If I had time, I would go with you.
• If she met her mother, she would be very happy.
• If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.
• If I were you, I’d tell him the truth.

👉Conditional sentence type 3

Third conditional sentence merupakan sebuah kalimat pengandaian ketika sebuah kondisi tidak mungkin terwujud sama sekali. Conditional sentence type 3 sering disebut dengan istilah past unreal atau untrue in the past yang mana menunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidak mungkinan terjadi pada masa lampau.
Hal ini bisa digambarkan karena kondisi yang sangat mustahil atau hanya sebuah penyesalan semata maka type 3 sering disebut mempunyai makna yang berlawanan dengan fakta pada masa lampau.
Dalam tipe kalimat pengandaian yang ketiga ini, bentuk kalimat menggunakan past perfect yang dilengkapi dengan modal auxiliary seperti would, could, dan should.
Rumus yang digunakan adalah 

if + past perfect, would/should/could/might + have + past participle. 

Contoh kalimat:

• If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
• We might have gone to South America if she had not been pregnant.
• If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.
• If I had cleaned the house, I could have gone to the movies.
• If she hadn’t taken the course, she wouldn’t have gotten the scholarship.
• If I had locked the car, the thief wouldn’t have stolen my car.
• Had I locked the car, the thief wouldn’t have stolen my car.

Nah, itu dia penjelasan singkat mengenai conditional sentence alias kalimat pengandaian yang bisa digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari.

👉Berikut Latihan Conditional Sentence

A. Conditional type 1 ( Future possible/True in the present or future)

1. If John studies hard, he will pass his examination.
2. I will go to the ball game if I ______(finish) my work in time.
3. I will give Henry your message if I _________(see) him.
4. If he works hard, he _______naturally________(succeed).
5. If you ______(not, hurry), we will be late for class.
6. He ________(find) a job somewhere if he tries hard.
7. If he fails the test, he _______ (have) to repeat the course.
8. If the weather _______(be) nice tomorrow, we will go to the beach.
9. If he arrives on time, I ________(speak) with him.
10. I go shopping with you if I ______(have) time tomorrow.

Kunci Jawaban:

1. Will pass, 2. Finish, 3. See, 4. will succeed, 5. do not hurry, 6. will find, 7. will have, 8. is, 9. will speak, 10. have.

B. Conditional type 2 ( Present unreal/Untrue in the present or future) 

1. I would go to the beach with you if I do not have to work today.
2. If you took the noon train, you __________ (get) there about four o'clock.
3. If he _______(know) more grammar, he would make fewer mistakes.
4. I _______(take) a trip to California if I _______(own) an auto mobile.
5. If I _______(know) English better, I ________(read) some English novels.
6. He _______(get) better grades if he _______(prepare) his homework every night.
7. If she _________(work) harder, she would probably get a better salary.
8. If he ________(not, waste) so much time in class, he would make better progress.
9. We _________(can, be) there in an hour if we _____(leave) right away.
10. If he attended class regularly, he ______(make) good progress.

Kunci Jawaban:

1. Would go, do not have, 2. would get, 3. knew, 4. would take, owned, 5. Knew, would read, 6. would get, prepared, 7. worked, 8. did not waste, 9. could be, left, 10. would make.

C. Conditional type 3 ( Past unreal/Untrue in the past) 

1. If he had studied more, he would have passed his examinations. .
2. If he ______(learn) the truth, he ________(be) very angry.
3. I _________(come) at once if I had known that you needed me.
4. If _______(invite) us, naturally we ________(go) to the party.
5. You_________(not, catch) cold if you ___________(wear) your overcoat.
6. If  I had had your dress, I ___________(write) to you.
7. I __________(go) to the beach if yesterday _______(be) a holiday.
8. If you ________(ask) me, I ___________(help) you.
9. I would have worried all day long if I _______(know) about this yesterday.
10. I __________(not, get) wet if I __________(wear) a raincoat.

Kunci Jawaban:

1. had studied, woould have passed, 2. had learned/learnt, would have been , 3. had come, 4. had invited, would have gone, 5. would not have caught, had worn, 6. would have written, 7. would have gone, had been 8. had asked, would have helped, 9. had known, 10. would not have gotten, had worn.

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